BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
An alliance of five major emerging economies representing alternative power centers to traditional Western-dominated global institutions.
Real World
When the BRICS New Development Bank approved a $1 billion loan to South Africa for renewable energy in 2023, it offered an alternative to IMF conditionality with fewer political strings attached.
Exam Focus
Avoid treating BRICS as a unified bloc — internal tensions between China and India (e.g. border disputes) are creditworthy counter-arguments.
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