Movements vs Shifts
A movement along a demand or supply curve occurs when quantity changes due to a price change - the point moves along the existing curve. A shift of the curve occurs when the quantity supplied or demanded changes at every price level due to factors other than price - the entire curve moves to a new position.
Real World
When Uber introduces surge pricing on a rainy Friday night, riders move along their demand curve and buy fewer rides; but when TfL's Elizabeth Line opened in 2022, the entire demand curve for Uber in central London shifted left.
Exam Focus
Use precise language: 'extension/contraction in demand' for movements, 'increase/decrease in demand' for shifts.
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