Imports
Imports are goods and services produced in foreign countries but purchased by domestic residents and firms. They reduce aggregate demand by diverting spending from domestic production. Import volumes depend on income and relative prices.
Real World
The UK imports roughly 45% of its food, including avocados from Peru and bananas from Colombia. After sterling fell sharply following the 2016 Brexit referendum, supermarket prices rose because imported goods cost more in pounds.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between income-driven import rises (growth) and price-driven changes (exchange rates) — examiners reward precise causation.
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