Informal Authority
Power/influence held due to: expertise, respect, personality rather than official position.
Real World
Steve Wozniak held no senior management title at early Apple, yet his technical expertise gave him enormous informal authority — engineers sought his approval even when it wasn't required by the org chart.
Exam Focus
Contrast informal authority with formal authority clearly; examiners often reward answers that explain why informal authority can be more motivating than positional power.
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