Efficiency
Achieving output with minimum resources.
Formula
Efficiency = (Useful Output / Total Input) × 100
Real World
Amazon's fulfilment centres use robotics to pack orders in under 15 minutes — far fewer staff hours per unit than traditional warehouses, demonstrating high operational efficiency.
Exam Focus
Link efficiency gains explicitly to impact on unit costs and competitiveness when using 'explain' or 'analyse' command words.
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