The difference between positive and normative statements
A positive statement is a fact-based claim you can test against evidence. A normative statement is an opinion about what should happen, shaped by personal or moral values.
Real World
The ONS statement 'UK inflation reached 11.1% in October 2022' is positive; a politician saying 'the government should cap energy prices' is normative — same crisis, different statement type.
Exam Focus
Look for the word 'should' or 'ought' to identify normative statements; misclassifying this in 'distinguish' questions loses straightforward marks.
Price Elasticity of Demand
PED = % change in quantity demanded ÷ % change in price
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