Protocols
Rules governing communication between network devices specifying message formats, timing, and sequencing. Protocols enable interoperability between different systems.
Real World
When you load a YouTube video, your browser uses HTTP to request the webpage, DNS to resolve 'youtube.com' to an IP address, and TCP to ensure all video data packets arrive reliably and in order.
Exam Focus
If asked 'why are protocols needed', always mention interoperability — enabling devices from different manufacturers to communicate.
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