Network topologies
Arrangements of network nodes and connections including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree topologies. Topology choices affect performance, redundancy, and scalability.
Real World
A school's computer lab typically uses a star topology with all PCs connected to a central switch. If the switch fails, every machine loses connectivity — which is why larger organisations like banks use mesh topologies for redundancy.
Exam Focus
When comparing topologies, use a table format covering cost, redundancy, scalability, and single points of failure for structured marks.
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