Trees
Hierarchical data structures with a root node and child nodes, where each node has at most one parent. Trees organize data in parent-child relationships enabling efficient searching and hierarchical representation. Leaf nodes have no children. Binary trees restrict each node to at most two children.
Real World
Your computer's file system is a tree — the C:\ or root folder is the root node, subdirectories are children, and individual files are leaf nodes.
Exam Focus
Define root, leaf, parent, child, and subtree precisely — mark schemes award separate marks for each key term used correctly.
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