Segmentation
Memory management dividing memory into variable-size logical segments (code, data, stack, heap). Segments represent semantic units. Segment tables translate virtual to physical addresses.
Formula
Physical Address = Segment Base Address + Offset
Real World
Intel's original x86 processors used segmentation to separate a program's code, data, and stack into distinct segments, letting MS-DOS enforce basic memory protection between running programs.
Exam Focus
Always state that segmentation causes external fragmentation, not internal — confusing the two loses marks.
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