Logic gates
Electronic switches implementing Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR) on binary inputs producing binary outputs. Logic gates form building blocks for digital circuits. Combinations of gates create complex circuits performing arithmetic and control.
Real World
A full adder inside Apple's M3 chip combines XOR, AND, and OR gates to add two binary digits plus a carry-in, and billions of these tiny gate combinations execute trillions of additions per second.
Exam Focus
Draw and label truth tables for every gate in the circuit — half the marks typically come from correct truth table completion.
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