Glossary

Organic Chemistry

The C=O carbonyl (δ+ carbon) is attacked by nucleophiles (−, electron-rich), adding across the C=O to form C−OH intermediate. Mechanism: nucleophile attacks carbon (π bond breaks), forming negatively charged intermediate, then protonation gives product. Examples: RCN + HCN → RC(OH)CN (cyanohydrin, H added in workup), RCHO + NH₂-NH₂ → RCH=N-NH₂ (hydrazone), RCHO + H₂O → RCH(OH)₂ (geminal diol). Ald