Integration and equivalent protons
Integration and equivalent protons
Formula
Integration ratio = number of equivalent protons in each environment
Real World
Pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline use integration ratios in ¹H NMR to verify the purity of drug batches — if the integrals deviate from expected ratios, the batch is flagged as contaminated.
Exam Focus
Simplify integration ratios to the smallest whole numbers before assigning proton counts to each environment.
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