Nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic substitution
Real World
The hydrolysis of haloalkanes in aqueous NaOH is a nucleophilic substitution — pharmaceutical companies like GSK use this type of reaction to introduce hydroxyl groups when synthesising drug molecules such as paracetamol intermediates.
Exam Focus
Draw the curly arrow from the lone pair on the nucleophile to the δ+ carbon — arrows starting from the wrong atom score zero.
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