Gibbs free energy
Gibbs free energy
Formula
ΔG = ΔH − TΔS
Real World
The Haber process for making ammonia is thermodynamically feasible at low temperatures (ΔG < 0) but industrially run at ~450°C to achieve a practical rate, illustrating how ΔG guides but doesn't dictate industrial conditions.
Exam Focus
Always state the sign of ΔG and link it explicitly to spontaneity; examiners penalise vague answers without the inequality.
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