The light-dependent reaction: chlorophyll absorbs light leading to photoionisation; some energy from released electrons is conserved in production of ATP and reduced NADP; ATP production involves electron transfer down the electron transfer chain and passage of protons across chloroplast membranes catalysed by ATP synthase (chemiosmotic theory); photolysis of water produces protons, electrons and oxygen
Chlorophyll in the chloroplast absorbs light and uses its energy to make ATP and reduced NADP. These molecules power the next stage of photosynthesis.
Real World
Artificial photosynthesis research at Cambridge University mimics the thylakoid electron transfer chain to split water using sunlight, generating hydrogen fuel — directly modelled on the chemiosmotic mechanism in chloroplasts.
Exam Focus
Distinguish photoionisation (loss of electrons from chlorophyll) from photolysis (splitting of water) — confusing these two loses marks every year.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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