How HIV causes symptoms of AIDS; why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses
HIV destroys the immune cells that coordinate your body's defences. Over time, this leaves the body unable to fight off infections that a healthy person would easily survive.
Real World
Freddie Mercury died in 1991 from AIDS-related pneumonia — a lung infection that a healthy immune system would clear, but his depleted TH cell count meant his body could not mount an effective response.
Exam Focus
'Explain why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses' requires stating that viruses lack cell walls and ribosomes — the antibiotic targets.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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