Ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
Both vaccines and monoclonal antibodies raise ethical debates about safety, consent, animal use, and fair access. Scientists and society must weigh these benefits against the risks and concerns.
Real World
The 1998 MMR-autism controversy sparked widespread vaccine refusal in the UK despite the original study being fraudulent; measles cases subsequently rose, illustrating how ethical debates around consent can have real public health consequences.
Exam Focus
For 'evaluate' questions on ethics, always present arguments for and against — one-sided answers are capped at roughly half marks.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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