The genetic code is universal, non-overlapping and degenerate
Every living organism uses the same DNA code to build proteins. Each set of three bases is read separately, and multiple triplets can code for the same amino acid.
Real World
Because the genetic code is universal, scientists inserted the human insulin gene into Escherichia coli bacteria in 1982, producing Humulin — the world's first genetically engineered medicine, still used by diabetic patients today.
Exam Focus
Define 'degenerate' precisely: multiple codons code for the same amino acid — never use the word 'ambiguous', which implies the opposite.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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