Competition (as Barrier)
Intense market competition making startup success difficult.
Real World
A new cola brand entering the soft drinks market faces near-impossible brand loyalty barriers: Coca-Cola and PepsiCo control over 60% of global market share and benefit from massive economies of scale in production and marketing.
Exam Focus
Explain the mechanism — e.g. incumbents' lower unit costs allow predatory pricing — rather than simply stating 'competition is a barrier'.
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